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<title>Blade server</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Blade server</span></span>

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<p>A <b>blade server</b> is a stripped-down <a href="Server_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Server computer">server computer</a> with a <a href="Modular_design" title="Modular design">modular design</a> optimized to minimize the use of physical space and energy. Blade servers have many components removed to save space, minimize power consumption and other considerations, while still having all the functional components to be considered a <a href="Computer" title="Computer">computer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike a <a href="Rack-mount" class="mw-redirect" title="Rack-mount">rack-mount</a> server, a blade server fits inside a <b>blade enclosure</b>, which can hold multiple blade servers, providing services such as power, cooling, networking, various interconnects and management. Together, blades and the blade enclosure form a blade system, which may itself be rack-mounted. Different blade providers have differing principles regarding what to include in the blade itself, and in the blade system as a whole.

</p><p>In a <i>standard</i> server-rack configuration, one rack unit or <a href="Rack_unit" title="Rack unit">1U</a>—19 inches (480 mm) wide and 1.75 inches (44 mm) tall—defines the minimum possible size of any equipment. The principal benefit and justification of blade computing relates to lifting this restriction so as to reduce size requirements. The most common computer rack <a href="Motherboard_form_factor" title="Motherboard form factor">form-factor</a> is 42U high, which limits the number of discrete computer devices directly mountable in a rack to 42 components. Blades do not have this limitation. As of 2014, densities of up to 180 servers per blade system (or 1440 servers per rack) are achievable with blade systems.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Blade_enclosure">Blade enclosure</h2></div>

<p>The enclosure (or chassis) performs many of the non-core computing services found in most computers. Non-blade systems typically use bulky, hot and space-inefficient components, and may duplicate these across many computers that may or may not perform at capacity. By locating these services in one place and sharing them among the blade computers, the overall utilization becomes higher. The specifics of which services are provided varies by vendor.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Power">Power</h3></div>

<p>Computers operate over a range of DC voltages, but utilities deliver power as <a href="Alternating_current" title="Alternating current">AC</a>, and at higher voltages than required within computers. Converting this current requires one or more <a href="Power_supply_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Power supply unit">power supply units</a> (or PSUs). To ensure that the failure of one power source does not affect the operation of the computer, even entry-level servers often have redundant power supplies, again adding to the bulk and heat output of the design.

</p><p>The blade enclosure's power supply provides a single power source for all blades within the enclosure. This single power source may come as a power supply in the enclosure or as a dedicated separate PSU supplying DC to multiple enclosures.<sup id="cite_ref-hpblade_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hpblade-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sunblade_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sunblade-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This setup reduces the number of PSUs required to provide a resilient power supply.

</p><p>The popularity of blade servers, and their own appetite for power, has led to an increase in the number of rack-mountable <a href="Uninterruptible_power_supply" title="Uninterruptible power supply">uninterruptible power supply</a> (or UPS) units, including units targeted specifically towards blade servers (such as the <a href="Eaton_BladeUPS" title="Eaton BladeUPS">BladeUPS</a>).

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cooling">Cooling</h3></div>

<p>During operation, electrical and mechanical components produce heat, which a system must dissipate to ensure the proper functioning of its components. Most blade enclosures, like most computing systems, remove heat by using <a href="Computer_fan" title="Computer fan">fans</a>.

</p><p>A frequently underestimated problem when designing high-performance computer systems involves the conflict between the amount of heat a system generates and the ability of its fans to remove the heat. The blade's shared power and cooling means that it does not generate as much heat as traditional servers. Newer blade-enclosures feature variable-speed fans and control logic, or even <a href="Liquid_cooling_for_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid cooling for computers">liquid cooling systems</a><sup id="cite_ref-sunpowerandcooling_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sunpowerandcooling-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hpthermal_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hpthermal-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that adjust to meet the system's cooling requirements.

</p><p>At the same time, the increased density of blade-server configurations can still result in higher overall demands for cooling with racks populated at over 50% full. This is especially true with early-generation blades. In absolute terms, a fully populated rack of blade servers is likely to require more cooling capacity than a fully populated rack of standard 1U servers. This is because one can fit up to 128 blade servers in the same rack that will only hold 42 1U rack-mount servers.<sup id="cite_ref-density_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-density-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Networking">Networking</h3></div>

<p>Blade servers generally include integrated or optional <a href="Network_interface_controller" title="Network interface controller">network interface controllers</a> for <a href="Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> or <a href="Host_adapter" title="Host adapter">host adapters</a> for <a href="Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">Fibre Channel</a> storage systems or <a href="Converged_network_adapter" title="Converged network adapter">converged network adapter</a> to combine storage and data via one <a href="Fibre_Channel_over_Ethernet" title="Fibre Channel over Ethernet">Fibre Channel over Ethernet</a> interface. In many blades, at least one interface is embedded on the motherboard and extra interfaces can be added using <a href="Mezzanine_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Mezzanine card">mezzanine cards</a>.

</p><p>A blade enclosure can provide individual external ports to which each network interface on a blade will connect. Alternatively, a blade enclosure can aggregate network interfaces into interconnect devices (such as switches) built into the blade enclosure or in <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Other_blades">networking blades</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sunindependentio_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sunindependentio-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hpvirtual_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hpvirtual-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storage">Storage</h2></div>

<p>While computers typically use hard disks to store operating systems, applications and data, these are not necessarily required locally. Many storage connection methods (e.g. <a href="FireWire" class="mw-redirect" title="FireWire">FireWire</a>, <a href="Serial_ATA" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial ATA">SATA</a>, <a href="ESATA" class="mw-redirect" title="ESATA">E-SATA</a>, <a href="SCSI" title="SCSI">SCSI</a>, <a href="Serial_attached_SCSI" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial attached SCSI">SAS</a> <a href="Direct-attached_storage" title="Direct-attached storage">DAS</a>, <a href="Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">FC</a> and <a href="ISCSI" title="ISCSI">iSCSI</a>) are readily moved outside the server, though not all are used in enterprise-level installations. Implementing these connection interfaces within the computer presents similar challenges to the networking interfaces (indeed iSCSI runs over the network interface), and similarly these can be removed from the blade and presented individually or aggregated either on the chassis or through <a href="Blade_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="Blade Server">other blades</a>.

</p><p>The ability to boot the blade from a <a href="Storage_area_network" title="Storage area network">storage area network</a> (SAN) allows for an entirely disk-free blade, an example of which implementation is the <a href="Intel_Modular_Server_System" title="Intel Modular Server System">Intel Modular Server System</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_blades">Other blades</h2></div>

<p>Since blade enclosures provide a standard method for delivering basic services to computer devices, other types of devices can also utilize blade enclosures. Blades providing switching, routing, storage, SAN and fibre-channel access can slot into the enclosure to provide these services to all members of the enclosure.

</p><p>Systems administrators can use storage blades where a requirement exists for additional local storage.<sup id="cite_ref-ibmblade_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibmblade-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hpstorage_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hpstorage-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-veraristorage_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-veraristorage-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<p>Blade servers function well for specific purposes such as <a href="Web_hosting" class="mw-redirect" title="Web hosting">web hosting</a>, <a href="Hardware_virtualization" title="Hardware virtualization">virtualization</a>, and <a href="Cluster_computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Cluster computing">cluster computing</a>. Individual blades are typically <a href="Hot_swap" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot swap">hot-swappable</a>. As users deal with larger and more diverse workloads, they add more processing power, memory and I/O bandwidth to blade servers.

Although blade-server technology in theory allows for open, cross-vendor systems, most users buy modules, enclosures, <a href="19-inch_rack" title="19-inch rack">racks</a> and management tools from the same vendor.

</p><p>Eventual standardization of the technology might result in more choices for consumers;<sup id="cite_ref-techspot_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-techspot-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cnet_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnet-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as of 2009 increasing numbers of third-party software vendors have started to enter this growing field.<sup id="cite_ref-theregister_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theregister-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Blade servers do not, however, provide the answer to every computing problem. One can view them as a form of productized <a href="Server_farm" title="Server farm">server-farm</a> that borrows from <a href="Mainframe_computer" title="Mainframe computer">mainframe</a> packaging, cooling, and power-supply technology. Very large computing tasks may still require server farms of blade servers, and because of blade servers' high power density, can suffer even more acutely from the <a href="Heating%2C_ventilation%2C_and_air_conditioning" title="Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning">heating, ventilation, and air conditioning</a> problems that affect large conventional server farms.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>Developers first placed complete <a href="Microcomputers" class="mw-redirect" title="Microcomputers">microcomputers</a> on cards and packaged them in standard <a href="19-inch_rack" title="19-inch rack">19-inch racks</a> in the 1970s, soon after the introduction of 8-bit <a href="Microprocessors" class="mw-redirect" title="Microprocessors">microprocessors</a>. This architecture was used in the industrial <a href="Process_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Process control">process control</a> industry as an alternative to <a href="Minicomputer" title="Minicomputer">minicomputer</a>-based control systems. Early models stored programs in <a href="EPROM" title="EPROM">EPROM</a> and were limited to a single function with a small <a href="Real-time_operating_system" title="Real-time operating system">real-time executive</a>.

</p><p>The <a href="VMEbus" title="VMEbus">VMEbus</a> architecture (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1981</span>) defined a computer interface that included implementation of a board-level computer installed in a chassis backplane with multiple slots for pluggable boards to provide I/O, memory, or additional computing.

</p><p>In the 1990s, the PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group <a href="PICMG" title="PICMG">PICMG</a> developed a chassis/blade structure for the then emerging Peripheral Component Interconnect bus <a href="Peripheral_Component_Interconnect" title="Peripheral Component Interconnect">PCI</a> called <a href="CompactPCI" title="CompactPCI">CompactPCI</a>. CompactPCI was actually invented by Ziatech Corp of San Luis Obispo, CA and developed into an industry standard. Common among these chassis-based computers was the fact that the entire chassis was a single system. While a chassis might include multiple computing elements to provide the desired level of performance and redundancy, there was always one master board in charge, or two redundant fail-over masters coordinating the operation of the entire system. Moreover, this system architecture provided management capabilities not present in typical rack mount computers, much more like in ultra-high reliability systems, managing power supplies, cooling fans as well as monitoring health of other internal components.

</p><p>Demands for managing hundreds and thousands of servers in the emerging Internet Data Centers where the manpower simply didn't exist to keep pace a new server architecture was needed. In 1998 and 1999 this new Blade Server Architecture was developed at Ziatech based on their Compact PCI platform to house as many as 14 "blade servers" in a standard 19" 9U high rack mounted chassis, allowing in this configuration as many as 84 servers in a standard 84 Rack Unit 19" rack. What this new architecture brought to the table was a set of new interfaces to the hardware specifically to provide the capability to remotely monitor the health and performance of all major replaceable modules that could be changed/replaced while the system was in operation. The ability to change/replace or add modules within the system while it is in operation is known as Hot-Swap. Unique to any other server system the Ketris Blade servers routed Ethernet across the backplane (where server blades would plug-in) eliminating more than 160 cables in a single 84 Rack Unit high 19" rack. For a large data center tens of thousands of Ethernet cables, prone to failure would be eliminated. Further this architecture provided the capabilities to inventory modules installed in the system remotely in each system chassis without the blade servers operating. This architecture enabled the ability to provision (power up, install operating systems and applications software) (e.g. a Web Servers) remotely from a Network Operations Center (NOC). The system architecture when this system was announced was called Ketris, named after the <a href="Kris" title="Kris">Ketri Sword</a>, worn by nomads in such a way as to be drawn very quickly as needed. First envisioned by Dave Bottom and developed by an engineering team at Ziatech Corp in 1999 and demonstrated at the Networld+Interop show in May 2000. Patents were awarded for the Ketris blade server architecture. In October 2000 Ziatech was acquired by Intel Corp and the Ketris Blade Server systems would become a product of the Intel Network Products Group.

</p><p>PICMG expanded the CompactPCI specification with the use of standard Ethernet connectivity between boards across the backplane. The PICMG 2.16 CompactPCI Packet Switching Backplane specification was adopted in Sept 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This provided the first <a href="Open_architecture" title="Open architecture">open architecture</a> for a multi-server chassis.

</p><p>The Second generation of Ketris would be developed at Intel as an architecture for the telecommunications industry to support the build out of IP base telecom services and in particular the LTE (Long Term Evolution) Cellular Network build-out. PICMG followed with this larger and more feature-rich <a href="AdvancedTCA" class="mw-redirect" title="AdvancedTCA">AdvancedTCA</a> specification, targeting the telecom industry's need for a <a href="High_availability" title="High availability">high availability</a> and dense computing platform with extended product life (10+ years). While AdvancedTCA system and boards typically sell for higher prices than blade servers, the operating cost (manpower to manage and maintain) are dramatically lower, where operating cost often dwarf the acquisition cost for traditional servers. AdvancedTCA promote them for <a href="Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">telecommunications</a> customers, however in the real world implementation in Internet Data Centers where thermal as well as other maintenance and operating cost had become prohibitively expensive, this blade server architecture with remote automated provisioning, health and performance monitoring and management would be a significantly less expensive operating cost.

</p><p>The first commercialized blade-server architecture was invented by <a href="Christopher_Hipp" title="Christopher Hipp">Christopher Hipp</a> and David Kirkeby, and their patent was assigned to Houston-based <a href="RLX_Technologies" title="RLX Technologies">RLX Technologies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> RLX, which consisted primarily of former <a href="Compaq_Computer_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Compaq Computer Corporation">Compaq Computer Corporation</a> employees, including Hipp and Kirkeby, shipped its first commercial blade server in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> RLX was acquired by <a href="Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a> in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The name <i>blade server</i> appeared when a card included the processor, memory, I/O and non-volatile program storage (<a href="Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">flash memory</a> or small <a href="Hard_disk" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard disk">hard disk</a>(s)). This allowed manufacturers to package a complete server, with its operating system and applications, on a single card/board/blade. These blades could then operate independently within a common chassis, doing the work of multiple separate server boxes more efficiently. In addition to the most obvious benefit of this packaging (less space consumption), additional efficiency benefits have become clear in power, cooling, management, and networking due to the pooling or sharing of common infrastructure to support the entire chassis, rather than providing each of these on a per server box basis.

</p><p>In 2011, research firm <a href="International_Data_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="International Data Corporation">IDC</a> identified the major players in the blade market as <a href="Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">HP</a>, <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a>, and <a href="Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-idcpressrelease_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-idcpressrelease-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other companies selling blade servers include <a href="Supermicro" title="Supermicro">Supermicro</a>, <a href="Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Blade_models">Blade models</h2></div>

<p>The prominent brands in the blade server market are <a href="Supermicro" title="Supermicro">Supermicro</a>, <a href="Cisco_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisco Systems">Cisco Systems</a>, <a href="Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">HPE</a>, <a href="Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a> and <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, though the latter sold its <a href="X86" title="X86">x86</a> server business to <a href="Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a> in 2014 after selling its consumer PC line to Lenovo in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-IBM_Lenovo_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBM_Lenovo-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 2009, Cisco announced blades in its <a href="Cisco_Unified_Computing_System" title="Cisco Unified Computing System">Unified Computing System</a> product line, consisting of 6U high chassis, up to 8 blade servers in each chassis. It had a heavily modified <a href="Cisco_Nexus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisco Nexus">Nexus 5K</a> switch, rebranded as a <a href="Fabric_computing" title="Fabric computing">fabric</a> interconnect, and management software for the whole system.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

HP's initial line consisted of two chassis models, the c3000 which holds up to 8 half-height <a href="ProLiant" title="ProLiant">ProLiant</a> line blades (also available in tower form), and the c7000 (<a href="Rack_unit" title="Rack unit">10U</a>) which holds up to 16 half-height ProLiant blades. <a href="Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a>'s product, the <a href="Dell_M1000e" title="Dell M1000e">M1000e</a> is a 10U modular enclosure and holds up to 16 half-height <a href="Dell_PowerEdge" class="mw-redirect" title="Dell PowerEdge">PowerEdge</a> blade servers or 32 quarter-height blades.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Blade_PC" title="Blade PC">Blade PC</a></li>

<li><a href="HP_BladeSystem" class="mw-redirect" title="HP BladeSystem">HP BladeSystem</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_PCI_Express_Module" title="Mobile PCI Express Module">Mobile PCI Express Module</a> (MXM)</li>

<li><a href="Modular_crate_electronics" title="Modular crate electronics">Modular crate electronics</a></li>

<li><a href="Multibus" title="Multibus">Multibus</a></li>

<li><a href="Server_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Server computer">Server computer</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-hpblade-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hpblade_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060518152828/http://h18004.www1.hp.com/products/quickspecs/12330_div/12330_div.html">"HP BladeSystem p-Class Infrastructure"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://h18004.www1.hp.com/products/quickspecs/12330_div/12330_div.html">the original</a> on 2006-05-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-06-09</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sun.com/blades">Sun Blade Modular System</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-hpthermal-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hpthermal_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070123051510/http://h71028.www7.hp.com/ERC/downloads/4AA0-5820ENW.pdf">"HP Thermal Logic technology"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://h71028.www7.hp.com/ERC/downloads/4AA0-5820ENW.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2007-01-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-04-18</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-sunindependentio-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sunindependentio_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sun.com/servers/blades/iomodules/">Sun Independent I/O </a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-hpvirtual-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hpvirtual_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hpe.com/emea_europe/en/integrated-systems/virtual-connect.html">HP Virtual Connect</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-ibmblade-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ibmblade_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-304.ibm.com/jct01004c/systems/support/supportsite.wss/docdisplay?brandind=5000008&lndocid=MIGR-64842">IBM BladeCenter HS21</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013120833/http://www-304.ibm.com/jct01004c/systems/support/supportsite.wss/docdisplay?brandind=5000008&lndocid=MIGR-64842">Archived</a> October 13, 2007, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-hpstorage-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hpstorage_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070430215449/http://h18004.www1.hp.com/products/servers/storageworks/c-class/sb40c/index.html">"HP storage blade"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://h18004.www1.hp.com/products/servers/storageworks/c-class/sb40c/index.html">the original</a> on 2007-04-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-04-18</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-techspot-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-techspot_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.techspot.com/news/26376-intel-endorses-industrystandard-blade-design.html">http://www.techspot.com/news/26376-intel-endorses-industrystandard-blade-design.html</a> TechSpot</span>

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<li id="cite_note-cnet-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cnet_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111226143404/http://news.cnet.com/2100-1010_3-5072603.html">"Dell calls for blade server standards"</a>. <i>news.cnet.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.cnet.com/2100-1010_3-5072603.htmlCNET">the original</a> on 2011-12-26.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-theregister-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-theregister_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/04/07/ssi_blade_specs/">https://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/04/07/ssi_blade_specs/</a> The Register</span>

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/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

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</style><span class="citation patent" id="CITEREFHippKirkeby2002"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US6411506">US 6411506</a>, <a href="Christopher_Hipp" title="Christopher Hipp">Hipp, Christopher</a> & Kirkeby, David, "High density web server chassis system and method", published 2002-06-25, assigned to <a href="RLX_Technologies" title="RLX Technologies">RLX Technologies</a></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=6411506&rft.cc=US&rft.title=High+density+web+server+chassis+system+and+method&rft.inventor=Hipp&rft.assignee=%5B%5BRLX+Technologies%5D%5D&rft.pubdate=2002-06-25"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arnnet.com.au/article/38556/rlx_helps_data_centres_switch_blades/">"RLX helps data centres with switch to blades"</a>. ARN. October 8, 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-07-30</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130103121323/http://www.informationweek.com/news/global-cio/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=171202558">"HP Will Acquire RLX To Bolster Blades"</a>. www.informationweek.com. October 3, 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informationweek.com/news/global-cio/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=171202558">the original</a> on January 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-24</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-idcpressrelease-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-idcpressrelease_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110526025655/http://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS22841411">"Worldwide Server Market Revenues Increase 12.1% in First Quarter as Market Demand Continues to Improve, According to IDC"</a> (Press release). IDC. 2011-05-24. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS22841411">the original</a> on 2011-05-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-20</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-IBM_Lenovo-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IBM_Lenovo_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140405051227/http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/infrastructure/us/en/it-infrastructure/lenovo-acquisition.html">"Transitioning x86 to Lenovo"</a>. <i>IBM.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/infrastructure/us/en/it-infrastructure/lenovo-acquisition.html">the original</a> on April 5, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090321101425/http://newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/2009/prod_031609.html">"Cisco Unleashes the Power of Virtualization with Industry's First Unified Computing System"</a>. <i>Press release</i>. March 16, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/2009/prod_031609.html">the original</a> on March 21, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

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</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Blade_servers" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Blade servers">Blade servers</a></span>.</div></div>

</div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101207161916/http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/in/bladecenter/hardware/servers/index.html">BladeCenter blade servers – x86 processor-based servers</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Computer_sizes_and_classes279" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="List_of_computer_size_categories" title="List of computer size categories">Computer sizes</a> and <a href="Classes_of_computers" title="Classes of computers">classes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Microcomputer" title="Microcomputer">Micro</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Static</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Computer_appliance" title="Computer appliance">Appliances</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arcade_cabinet" title="Arcade cabinet">Arcade cabinet</a></li>

<li><a href="Diskless_node" title="Diskless node">Diskless node</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet_appliance" title="Internet appliance">Internet appliance</a></li>

<li><a href="Intelligent_terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligent terminal">Intelligent terminal</a></li>

<li><a href="Interactive_kiosk" title="Interactive kiosk">Interactive kiosk</a></li>

<li><a href="Rich_client" title="Rich client">Rich client</a></li>

<li><a href="Simulator_ride" title="Simulator ride">Simulator</a></li>

<li><a href="Smart_speaker" title="Smart speaker">Smart speaker</a></li>

<li><a href="Smart_TV" title="Smart TV">Smart TV</a></li>

<li><a href="Thin_client" title="Thin client">Thin client</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_game_console" title="Video game console">Video game console</a>

<ul><li><a href="Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">Home console</a></li>

<li><a href="Microconsole" title="Microconsole">Microconsole</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Computers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Gaming_computer" title="Gaming computer">Gaming</a></li>

<li><a href="Industrial_PC" title="Industrial PC">Industrial</a></li>

<li><a href="Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">Personal</a>

<ul><li><a href="Personal_supercomputer" title="Personal supercomputer">Personal super</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Public_computer" title="Public computer">Public</a></li>

<li><a href="Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">Server</a>

<ul><li><a href="Home_server" title="Home server">Home server</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Workstation" title="Workstation">Workstation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By size</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Panel_PC" title="Panel PC">Panel</a></li>

<li><a href="Table_computer" title="Table computer">Tabletop</a></li>

<li><a href="Surface_computer" title="Surface computer">Surface</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Desktop_computer" title="Desktop computer">Desktop</a>

<ul><li><a href="Deskside_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Deskside computer">Deskside</a></li>

<li><a href="Pizza-box_form_factor" title="Pizza-box form factor">Pizza box</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_tower" title="Computer tower">Tower</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Portable_computer" title="Portable computer">Portable</a></li>

<li><a href="Small_form_factor_PC" title="Small form factor PC">Small form factor</a>

<li><a href="Stick_PC" title="Stick PC">Stick PC</a></li></ul></li>

<ul>

<li><a href="Blade_PC" title="Blade PC">Blade PC</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mobile_computing" title="Mobile computing">Mobile</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Laptop" title="Laptop">Laptop</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="2-in-1_laptop#2-in-1_convertible" title="2-in-1 laptop">Convertible</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Cloudbook" title="Cloudbook">Cloudbook</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_workstation" title="Mobile workstation">Mobile workstation</a></li>

<li><a href="Notebook_computer" title="Notebook computer">Notebook</a></li>

<li><a href="Subnotebook" title="Subnotebook">Subnotebook</a>

<ul><li><a href="Netbook" title="Netbook">Netbook</a></li>

<li><a href="Smartbook" title="Smartbook">Smartbook</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">Tablet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="2-in-1_laptop#2-in-1_detachable" title="2-in-1 laptop">Detachable</a></li>

<li><a href="Phablet" title="Phablet">Phablet</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">Handheld</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Electronic_organizer" title="Electronic organizer">Electronic organizer</a></li>

<li><a href="E-reader" title="E-reader">E-reader</a></li>

<li><a href="Handheld_game_console" title="Handheld game console">Handheld game console</a></li>

<li><a href="Handheld_PC" title="Handheld PC">Handheld PC</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_data_terminal" title="Mobile data terminal">Mobile data terminal</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">Mobile phone</a>

<ul><li><a href="Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">Camera</a></li>

<li><a href="Feature_phone" title="Feature phone">Feature</a></li>

<li><a href="Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a>

<ul><li><a href="Foldable_smartphone" title="Foldable smartphone">Foldable</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Palmtop_PC" title="Palmtop PC">Palmtop PC</a></li>

<li><a href="Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant">Personal digital assistant</a></li>

<li><a href="Pocket_computer" title="Pocket computer">Pocket</a></li>

<li><a href="Portable_data_terminal" title="Portable data terminal">Portable data terminal</a></li>

<li><a href="Portable_media_player" title="Portable media player">Portable media player</a></li>

<li><a href="Siftable" title="Siftable">Siftable</a></li>

<li><a href="Ultra-mobile_PC" title="Ultra-mobile PC">Ultra-mobile PC</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Calculator" title="Calculator">Calculator</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Graphing_calculator" title="Graphing calculator">Graphing</a></li>

<li><a href="Programmable_calculator" title="Programmable calculator">Programmable</a></li>

<li><a href="Scientific_calculator" title="Scientific calculator">Scientific</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Wearable_computer" title="Wearable computer">Wearable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fitness_tracker" title="Fitness tracker">Fitness tracker</a>

<ul><li><a href="Smart_band" class="mw-redirect" title="Smart band">Smart band</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Watch#Digital" title="Watch">Digital wristwatch</a>

<ul><li><a href="Calculator_watch" title="Calculator watch">Calculator watch</a></li>

<li><a href="Smartwatch" title="Smartwatch">Smartwatch</a></li>

<li><a href="GPS_watch" title="GPS watch">Sportwatch</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Smartglasses" title="Smartglasses">Smartglasses</a></li>

<li><a href="Smart_ring" title="Smart ring">Smart ring</a></li></ul>

<li><a href="Superminicomputer" title="Superminicomputer">Supermini</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Large</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Mainframe_computer" title="Mainframe computer">Mainframe</a></li>

<li><a href="Minisupercomputer" title="Minisupercomputer">Minisuper</a></li>

<li><a href="Supercomputer" title="Supercomputer">Super</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">Embedded system</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_appliance" title="Information appliance">Information appliance</a></li>

<li><a href="Microcontroller" title="Microcontroller">Microcontroller</a></li>

<li><a href="Rugged_computer" title="Rugged computer">Rugged</a>

<ul><li><a href="Rugged_smartphone" title="Rugged smartphone">Rugged smartphone</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Single-board_computer" title="Single-board computer">Single-board</a>

<ul><li><a href="Computer-on-module" title="Computer-on-module">Computer-on-module</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Smartdust" title="Smartdust">Smartdust</a></li>

<li><a href="Wireless_sensor_network" title="Wireless sensor network">Wireless sensor network</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-03-31" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Blade_server&oldid=1283308096">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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